How to Choose the Right Sunscreen: SPF, PA+, UVA & UVB Explained

Protecting your skin from the sun’s harmful rays is essential for maintaining healthy, youthful skin and preventing long-term damage. With so many sunscreen brands, formulations, SPF numbers, and labels available, choosing the right sunscreen can feel confusing.

Whether you step out for daily errands, work indoors near windows, or spend time outdoors, using the right sunscreen helps shield your skin from harmful UV rays.

Let’s break it down step by step and help you choose a sunscreen that truly works for your skin type and lifestyle.

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How to Choose a Sunscreen That Works Best for You

1. Know Your Skin Type

The first step in choosing the right sunscreen is identifying your skin type. Sunscreens come in various textures, including creams, lotions, gels, sprays, and sticks.

For Oily Skin
If you have oily or acne-prone skin, opt for lightweight gel-based or water-based sunscreens. These feel non-greasy and absorb quickly.

For Dry Skin
Dry skin benefits from cream or lotion sunscreens that offer both hydration and sun protection.

For Sensitive Skin
If your skin reacts easily, choose a fragrance-free, hypoallergenic sunscreen. Mineral or herbal sunscreens are often better tolerated by sensitive skin.

2. Understanding Sun Protection Factor (SPF)

SPF, or Sun Protection Factor, measures how well a sunscreen protects your skin from UVB rays, which cause sunburn.

• Dermatologists generally recommend using SPF 30 or higher for daily use.

• Fair or sun-sensitive skin may benefit from a higher SPF.

• Remember, SPF only indicates protection against UVB rays, not UVA rays.

What Are UVA and UVB Rays?

Sunlight contains ultraviolet radiation, mainly UVA and UVB rays — both of which can damage the skin.

UVA Rays (Ultraviolet A)

• Penetrate deep into the skin.

• Present throughout the year, even on cloudy days.

• Responsible for premature ageing, wrinkles, and pigmentation

• Can pass through glass, affecting the skin indoors or in cars

UVB Rays (Ultraviolet B)

• Affects the outer layer of the skin

• Strongest between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.

• Primary cause of sunburn and skin damage

• Partially blocked by glass.

Both UVA and UVB rays are harmful, which is why sunscreen protection is essential.

3. Choose a Broad-Spectrum Sunscreen

Always look for a broad-spectrum sunscreen, which protects against both UVA and UVB rays.

• UVA protection helps prevent premature ageing

• UVB protection helps prevent sunburn and skin damage

Using a broad-spectrum sunscreen ensures complete sun protection.

Understanding SPF and PA+ Labels

SPF (Sun Protection Factor)

• Indicates protection against UVB rays

• Higher SPF means higher UVB protection.

PA+ Rating

• Indicates protection against UVA rays

• Shown as PA+, PA++, PA+++, or PA++++

• More plus signs mean stronger UVA protection

For daily use, choose a sunscreen with SPF 30+ and PA+++ or higher.

4. Check the Ingredients Carefully

Always read the ingredient list before buying sunscreen, especially if you have allergies or sensitive skin.

Sunscreens use two main types of UV filters:

Chemical Filters
Ingredients like avobenzone and oxybenzone absorb UV rays and convert them into heat.

Mineral (Herbal) Filters
Ingredients like zinc oxide and titanium dioxide form a physical barrier that reflects UV rays.

Choose a formula that suits your skin and comfort level.

5. Additional Features to Consider

Some sunscreens offer extra benefits like antioxidants or anti-ageing ingredients. While these can be helpful, the primary purpose of sunscreen is sun protection.

Water-Resistant Sunscreen

Ideal if you sweat a lot or spend time swimming. These remain effective for 40–80 minutes, depending on the product.

Non-Comedogenic Sunscreen

Designed to reduce pore clogging, making it suitable for acne-prone skin. Still, always do a patch test before regular use.

Chemical vs Herbal Sunscreen: Which One Should You Choose?

Both types protect against UV rays. The best choice depends on your skin type and preference.

Chemical Sunscreen

• Lightweight and easy to apply

• Absorbs UV rays

• Suitable for regular outdoor use

• May cause irritation for sensitive skin

Herbal (Mineral) Sunscreen

• Uses zinc oxide or titanium dioxide

• Gentler on sensitive skin

• Reflects UV rays

• It can feel thicker and may leave a white cast.

The best sunscreen is the one you’ll use consistently. Choose what feels comfortable on your skin.

Should You Apply Sunscreen Indoors?

For most people, sunscreen isn’t necessary indoors. However, you may need it if:

• You sit near windows with direct sunlight.

• You live in high-altitude or high-sunlight regions.

• You have photosensitive skin or certain medical conditions

In such cases, applying sunscreen indoors offers extra protection.

Useful Sunscreen Tips

• Apply sunscreen generously 15–30 minutes before sun exposure.

• Reapply every 2 hours, especially after sweating or swimming.

• Always check the expiration date before use.

• Read user reviews before purchasing.

• Consult a dermatologist if you have sensitive skin or skin concerns